Explain the LWC lifecycle hooks and the order in which they fire for a parent and child component.

Hooks: constructor(), connectedCallback(), render(), renderedCallback(), disconnectedCallback(), errorCallback(error, stack).

Order when a parent contains a child:

1. Parent constructor
2. Parent connectedCallback
3. Parent render
4. Child constructor
5. Child connectedCallback
6. Child render
7. Child renderedCallback
8. Parent renderedCallback

Notes:

• Call super() first in the constructor; don't access attributes or children there.
• connectedCallback fires when inserted into the DOM; use it to fetch data or subscribe.
• renderedCallback fires after every render, so guard one-time logic with a flag.
• disconnectedCallback is for cleanup (unsubscribe, remove listeners).
• errorCallback catches errors from child components in the lifecycle.